Antenna Structural Forms

I. External Antennas (Installed outside the device housing)

1. Rod Antenna

Appearance: Cylindrical rod-shaped, mostly with SMA connectors
Features: Low cost, simple installation, omnidirectional radiation, easy assembly and disassembly
Applicable frequency bands: 433 MHz, LoRa, NB-IoT, 4G, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz
Applications: DTU, gateways, industrial control boxes, charging piles, chassis equipment

2. Magnetic-Mount Antenna

Appearance: Strong-magnet base with feeder cable, attachable to metal surfaces
Features: Flexible installation, position adjustable for better signal; available in small and large sizes
Applications: Vehicle-mounted terminals, outdoor chassis, shared devices, industrial monitoring terminals

3. Waterproof Patch / ManholeCover Antenna

Appearance: Flat disc or square shape, IP67/IP68 waterproof rating for buried or open-air outdoor deployment
Features: Dust-proof, water-resistant, corrosion=resistant, low-profile with small footprint
Frequency bands: 4G, NB-IoT, UHF-RFID, GNSS
Applications: Smart manhole covers, buried equipment, outdoor asset monitoring

4. Fiberglass Antenna

Appearance: Long cylindrical rod with waterproof fiberglass housing
Features: High gain, rain-proof and sun-resistant, suitable for longrange outdoor scenarios
Applications: LoRa base stations, RFID readers, long-range factory gateways

5. Blade / Flat Antenna

Appearance: Flat strip shape, fixed by adhesive or screws
Features: Thin profile, low wind resistance, outdoor waterproof
Applications: Vehicles, construction machinery, charging piles, outdoor cabinets

6. Combined Integrated Antenna (Multi-band Combo Antenna)

Appearance: Single housing integrating multiple antennas such as 4G+GNSS+2.4G
Features: Only one mounting hole required for the device, simplifies mechanical design and reduces openings
Applications: Smart terminals, industrial gateways, vehicle-mounted equipment

1. FPC Flexible Antenna

Appearance: Flexible thin film, bendable, adhered to inner housing wall with back adhesive
Features: Lightweight and bendable for irregular spaces; clear-out area must be reserved
Frequency bands: 2.4 GHz, 4G, NB-IoT
Applications: Compact IoT modules, sensors, handheld devices

2. On-Board PCB Antenna

Appearance: Printed directly on the main circuit board of the device
Features: No extra components required, lowest cost; strict PCB layout requirements, clearout area required
Applications: Wi-Fi & Bluetooth modules, miniature sensors

3. Ceramic Chip Antenna

4. Steel-Sheet / Metal Spring Antenna

Flat-Panel RFID Antenna: Square flat panel for wall-mount installation, UHF 902-928 MHz, for tag identification at warehouse gateways
Circularly-Polarized Antenna: Works reliably for tags in random angular orientations, widely used in warehouse assembly lines

Dome Antenna: Raised circular housing with built-in amplifier circuit; active antenna requiring power supply
Features: Circular polarization, resistance to multipath interference, high positioning accuracy
Applications: Vehicles, UAVs, smart manhole covers, outdoor positioning terminals

Antenna Form Selection Look-up Table

Antenna Type	Installation Method	Core Advantages	Typical Applications
Rod Antenna	External thread mounting	Cost‑effective, easy assembly & disassembly	DTU, industrial gateways
Magnetic‑Mount Antenna	External magnetic attachment	Position adjustable, flexible installation	Vehicle‑mounted, chassis equipment
Waterproof Patch / Manhole‑Cover Antenna	External screw fixing	IP67‑IP68 rating, burial‑capable	Smart manhole covers, outdoor terminals
Fiberglass Antenna	Outdoor pole‑mount installation	High gain, long transmission range	LoRa base stations, RFID
FPC Flexible Antenna	Internal adhesive mounting	Lightweight and bendable	Compact IoT terminals
Ceramic Antenna	Internal SMD soldering	Minimum footprint	GPS, Beidou, Bluetooth modules
Combined Integrated Antenna	External	Multi‑band integration, fewer housing openings	Vehicle‑mounted, multi‑function gateways